What is a myocardial infarction?

A myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, specifically refers to a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle. This blockage is typically caused by a build-up of plaque in the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart. When the blood flow is obstructed, it deprives the heart muscle of oxygen and nutrients, potentially leading to the death of heart tissue.

The importance of recognizing this condition lies in its urgent nature; the longer the heart is without sufficient blood supply, the more damage occurs. Prompt medical intervention is critical to restore blood flow, using methods such as medications, angioplasty, or surgery to prevent further damage to the heart.

The other choices reference different cardiovascular issues: a rapid heartbeat may indicate an arrhythmia or other cardiovascular stress; high blood pressure, or hypertension, is a chronic condition that can increase the risk of heart attacks but is not synonymous with a myocardial infarction; and an increase in blood flow to the heart is a normal physiological response under certain conditions (like exercise) but does not define the pathological process of an infarction. Understanding the specifics of a myocardial infarction is crucial for recognizing its symptoms and the importance of timely treatment.